Calculate population and sample standard deviation for any dataset.
| Count (n) | — |
| Mean | — |
| Population Std Dev (σ) | — |
| Sample Std Dev (s) | — |
| Population Variance (σ²) | — |
| Sample Variance (s²) | — |
| Sum of Squares | — |
Use population std dev (σ) when you have data for the entire population. Use sample std dev (s) when your data is a sample from a larger group — which is almost always the case in research. Sample std dev uses n−1 (Bessel's correction) to avoid underestimating variability.
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